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Plainly, those who work in low-paid, insecure work have actually faced major challenges to help make ends satisfy (Resolution Foundation) but those away from work face a much greater fight

An in depth analysis of social safety reforms during the last 40 years is well beyond the range for this paper (see McKay and Rowlingson; forthcoming) however it is clear that their state has progressively withdrawn from supplying sufficient quantities of help having a change from a ‘redistributive’ and ‘provider’ welfare state to a single based more about ‘regulation’, ‘investment’ and ‘activation’ (Klein and Millar; Morel et al.). Because of different cuts, means-tested advantages dropped far in short supply of the absolute minimum earnings standard (MIS). (more…)